[Review] Large-Scale Complex IT Systems

The complexity of the system's interactions caused a huge amount of loss in a short time, and people could not understand why. The current society depends on the complexity and complexity of complex IT systems, and we do not understand them well and do not have the SE techniques developed accordingly.

Coalitions of Systems

These systems are a collection of independently operated and managed systems. This can be called SoS. The so-called virtual SoS Maier mentioned is the coalition of systems here (the most free form without central management and common goals). The dynamic nature of this is a difficult point in software engineering. However, we must ensure that the system fails and that unintentional behavior does not harm individuals and society.

System complexity

There are many dynamic relationships, complex systems are nondeterministic, and can not predict the overall characteristics of a partial system. Complexity comes from dynamic relationships. And nonfunctional behavior can also occur and can not be predicted exactly. Therefore, a new approach is needed instead of existing software engineering methods.

Socio-technical Systems

Technology, people, and organization. Includes people and processes, and the user interprets and accepts them in ways that designers do not expect in terms of education, environment, and so on.

Reductionism and software engineering

Software engineering wants to manage and reduce this complexity. However, it is not suitable for current software engineering. Reductionist assumptions assume that system owners can control development, decisions are rational, and problems are well defined, but large complex IT systems do not have a single owner, decisions can be made by many political motives, It does not work properly and the boundaries change continuously.

Challenges

Seven important research areas: human interaction, computational emergence, design, computational engineering, adaptive system infrastructure, adaptable and predictable system quality and policy, acquisition and management

Ten Questions to Help Establish Your Research Field

1. How can interactions between independent systems be modeled and simulated?
2. How can coalitions be monitored? And what are the warning signs problems produce?
3. How can systems be designed to recover from failure?
4. How can socio-technical factors be integrated into systems and software engineering methods?
5. To what extent can coalitions of systems be self-managing?
6. How can organizations manage complex, dynamically changing system configurations?
7. How should the agile engineering of coalitions be supported?
8. How should coalitions be regulated and certified?
9. How can systems undergo "probabilistic verifications"?
10. How should shared knowledge be represented in coalitions of systems?

References
Sommerville, Ian, et al. "Large-scale complex IT systems." Communications of the ACM 55.7 (2012): 71-77.

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